Jasanoff, Sheila

From STS Wiki

[edit] Sheila Sen Jasanoff

Position and Major Contributions:

• Pfortzheimer Professor of Science & Technology Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
• Director, Program in Science, Technology & Society, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
• Perhaps the single most important early contributor to incorporating the study of law, policy, and politics in STS.
• Founding Chair (1990-1998), Department of Science & Technology Studies at Cornell University.
• 4S President (2000-01).
• John Desmond Bernal Prize (2004).
• Don K. Price Award (1998).

Education

• AB, Math, Radcliffe (1963).
• MA, Linguistics, University of Bonn (Germany, 1966).
• PhD, Linguistics, Harvard (1973).
• JD, Harvard (1976).

Early work and influences

Sheila began working in STS in the Program in Science, Technology & Society at Cornell University in the early 1980s. Participated in a major study of the comparative regulation of the chemical industry in the US and Europe, drawing on insights from the sociology of scientific knowledge (boundary work, interpretive flexibility). Subsequently pursued a comparative study of science advice at EPA and FDA, again drawing heavily on SSK but also showing how political systems constructed scientific knowledge and expertise for policy purposes. Forged the Department of S&TS at Cornell out of a merger of the STS Program and the Program in History and Philosophy of Science. Began the introduction of STS ideas into the study of science, technology, and the law in the early 1990s.

Criticism

Widely regarded as a highly influential thinker in the field, as well as a leader in its institutionalization, nonetheless Sheila's work has probably had less impact than one might have expected on the trajectory of the field as a whole. Somehow, the continual refocusing of STS work on the laboratory has meant that fewer people have recognized than should have the powerful contribution of political and legal institutions and processes to the construction of science and technology--indeed, to the recognition that science and technology are constructed as much in the courtroom, the scientific advisory committee, and the House of Lords as they are in the laboratory and the discipline.

Assessment

One of the most important figures in STS in the United States, although ironically her intellectual influence on science and technology policy has been highly significant in Europe and less so in the US. Her work has been pathbreaking in a number of key areas of the intersection of science, technology, law, politics, and policy, and she has written the definitive first works in the study of comparative politics of S&T, S&T advisory processes, and S&T and the law. Also tremendously important as a graduate student advisor. Her students now hold faculty positions in STS and S&T policy programs at Michigan, Wisconsin, UC Santa Cruz, UC Irvine, Arizona State University, Virginia Tech, Berkeley, Carnegie Mellon, London School of Economics, and Macalaster College. She has also been the central figure in the creation of the Science and Democracy Network, a community of nearly 100 scholars from around the globe working on issues of science and democratic governance, and the STS fellows program that she runs at Harvard is a magnet for an internationally diverse community of young scholars in this field as well.

Bibliography

Books and Monographs

Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).

Science at the Bar: Law, Science, and Technology in America, a Twentieth Century Fund book (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995); paperback edition 1997; Italian translation La Scienza davanti ai Giudici (Milan: Giuffr, 2001).

The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policymakers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990); paperback edition 1994.

Risk Management and Political Culture (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1986).

Controlling Chemicals: The Politics of Regulation in Europe and the U.S. (with R. Brickman and T. Ilgen) (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985).

Edited Books

Co-editor (with Marybeth Long Martello) (with co-authored introduction, conclusion; sole-authored chapter), Earthly Politics: Local and Global in Environmental Governance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004).

Editor (with introduction, conclusion and chapter), States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order (London: Routledge, 2004).

Section Editor, Science and Technology Studies, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (Oxford: Elsevier, 2001).

Editor (with introduction), Comparative Science and Technology Policy (Cheltenham, Glos., UK: Edward Elgar, 1997).

Co-Editor (with G. Markle, J. Petersen, T. Pinch), Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995).

Editor (with introduction), Learning From Disaster: Risk Management After Bhopal (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994).

Articles and Book Chapters

"Concepts of Risk and Safety in Toxic Substances Regulation: A Comparison of France and the United States" (with R. Brickman), Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3 (1980), pp. 394-403; reprinted in D.E. Mann, ed., Environmental Policy Formation (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1981).

"Science, Technology and the Limits of Judicial Competence " (with D. Nelkin), Science, New Series, Vol. 214, No. 4526 (December 1981); pp. 1211-1215. Reprinted in Jurimetrics, Vol. 11 (Spring 1982); American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 68 (1982); W.A. Thomas, ed., Science and Law: An Essential Alliance (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983); R.W. Lake, ed., Resolving Locational Conflict (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1987).

"Science and the Limits of Administrative Rule-Making: Lessons From the OSHA Cancer Policy," Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 20 (1982), pp. 536-561.

"Negotiation or Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Middle Road for U.S. Policy?" The Environmental Forum, Vol. 2 (1983), pp. 37-43.

"Compensation Issues Related to LP/HC Events: The Case of Toxic Chemicals," in R. Waller and V. Covello, eds., Low-Probability, High-Consequence Risk Analysis (New York: Plenum Press, 1984), pp. 361-371.

"Technological Innovation in a Corporatist State: The Case of Biotechnology in the Federal Republic of Germany," Research Policy, Vol. 14 (1985), pp. 23-38.

"Legitimating Private Sector Risk Analysis: A U.S.-European Comparison," in C. Whipple and V. Covello, eds., Risk Analysis in the Private Sector (New York: Plenum Press, 1985), pp. 233-242.

"Remedies Against Hazardous Exports: Compensation, Products Liability and Criminal Sanctions, " in J. Ives, ed., The Export of Hazards: Trans-national Corporations and Environmental Control Issues (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985), pp. 142-160; also published in Multi-national Monitor, Vol. 5, No. 9 (1984), pp. 14-17.

"The Misrule of Law at OSHA," in D. Nelkin, ed., The Language of Risk (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985), pp. 155-178.

"Peer Review in the Regulatory Process," Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 10., No. 3 (1985), pp. 20-32.

"Risk, Uncertainty, and the Legal Process," in W.Y. Garner et al., eds., Evaluation of Pesticides in Ground Water, ACS Symposium Series 315 (Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1986), pp. 462-475; reprinted in D. Chubin and E. Chu, eds. Science off the Pedestal: Social Perspectives on Science and Technology (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1988), pp. 41-51.

"Managing India's Environment: New Opportunities, New Perspectives," Environment, Vol. 28, No. 8 (1986), pp. 12-16, 31-38.

"Comparative Risk Assessment: The Lessons of Cultural Variation," in M.L. Richardson, ed., Toxic Hazard Assessment of Chemicals (London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1986), pp. 259-281.

"Science and the Courts: Advice for a Troubled Marriage," Natural Resources and Environment, Vol. II, No. 3 (1986), pp. 3-5, 51-52.

"Contested Boundaries in Policy-Relevant Science," Social Studies of Science, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1987), pp. 195-230.

"Cultural Aspects of Risk Assessment in Britain and the United States, " in B.B. Johnson and V.T. Covello, eds., The Social and Cultural Construction of Risk (New York: Reidel Press, 1987), pp. 359-397.

"EPA's Regulation of Daminozide: Unscrambling the Messages of Risk," Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 12, Nos. 3/4 (1987), pp. 116-124.

"Biology and the Bill of Rights: Can Science Reframe the Constitution?" American Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 13, Nos. 2/3 (1987), pp. 249-289.

"Judicial Gatekeeping in the Management of Hazardous Technologies," Journalof Management Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4 (1988), pp. 353-371; adapted as Law's Divided Response to Risk, in A. Flores, ed., Ethics and Risk Management in Engineering. (University Press of America, 1989), pp. 93-115.

"The Bhopal Disaster and the Right to Know, " Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 10 (1988), pp. 1113-1123.

"Reasoning About Risk," in M.L. Richardson, ed., Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Environment (London: Royal Society of Chemistry. 1988), pp. 92-113.

"The Problem of Rationality in U.S. Health and Safety Regulation," in R. Smith and B. Wynne, eds., Expert Evidence: Interpreting Science in the Law (London: Routledge, 1989), pp. 151-183.

"Public Participation in Science Policy," Chemistry in Britain, Vol. 25, No. 4, (1989), pp. 368-370.

"Public Science for Public Policy," Technology Review, Vol. 92, No. 2, February/March 1989, pp. 26, 28, 78.

"Judicial Construction of New Scientific Evidence,"in P.T. Durbin, ed., Critical Perspectives on Nonacademic Science and Engineering (Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press, 1991), pp. 215-238; adapted as Science on the Witness Stand, Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1989), pp. 80-87.

"American Exceptionalism and the Political Acknowledgment of Risk," Daedalus, Vol. 119, No. 4 (1991), pp. 61-81; reprinted in E.J. Burger, Jr., ed., Risk (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1993), pp. 61-81.

"Cross-National Differences in Policy Implementation," Evaluation Review, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1991), pp. 103-119.

"Does Public Understanding Influence Public Policy?" Chemistry and Industry, No. 17 (1991), pp. 537-540.

"Acceptable Evidence in a Pluralistic Society," in R. Hollander and D. Mayo, eds., Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Hazard Management (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 29-47.

"Knowledge, Responsibility, and the Safe Use of Chemicals," in M.L. Richardson, ed., Risk Management of Chemicals (London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992), pp. 337-351.

"What Judges Should Know about the Sociology of Science, " Jurimetrics, Vol. 32, No. 3 (1992), pp. 345-359; adapted and updated in Judicature, Vol. 77, No. 2 (1993), pp. 77-82.

"Pluralism and Convergence in International Science Policy," in N. Keyfitz, ed., Science and Sustainability: Selected Papers on IIASA's 20th Anniversary (Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA, 1992), pp. 157-180; reprinted in H. Nowotny and K. Taschwer, eds., The Sociology of Science (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, forthcoming).

"Science, Politics, and the Renegotiation of Expertise at EPA", Osiris, Vol. 7 (1992), pp. 195-217.

"India at the Crossroads in Global Warming Policy," Global Environmental Change, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1993), pp. 32-52.

"Procedural Choices in Regulatory Science," RISK - Issues in Health and Safety, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1993), pp. 143-160; adapted and reprinted in Technology in Society, Vol. 17, No. 3 (1995), pp. 279-293.

"Bridging the Two Cultures of Risk Analysis, " Risk Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1993), pp. 123-129; adapted and abbreviated as "Relating Risk Assessment and Risk Management, " EPA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1 (January-March 1993), pp. 35-37.

"Innovation and Integrity in Biomedical Research," Academic Medicine, Vol. 68, No. 9 (1993), pp. S91-S95.

"Boundary Exercises: The Making of Good Science in the Regulatory Process," Shepard's Expert and Scientific Evidence, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1994), pp. 25-40.

"Product, Process, or Programme: Three Cultures and the Regulation of Biotechnology, " in M. Bauer, ed., Resistance to New Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 311-331.

"Beyond Epistemology: Relativism and Engagement in the Politics of Science, " Social Studies of Science, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1996), pp. 393-418.

"Is Science Socially Constructed -- And Can It Still Inform Public Policy?," Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 2, No. 3 (1996), pp. 263-276.

"Science and Norms in International Environmental Regimes," in F.O. Hampson and J. Reppy, eds., Earthly Goods: Environmental Chang and Social Justice (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996), pp. 173-197.

"Knowledge and Distrust: The Dilemma of Environmental Democracy, " Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1 (1996), pp. 63-70.

"Compelling Knowledge in Public Decisions," in L.A. Brooks and S. VanDeveer, eds., Saving the Seas: Values, Scientists, and International Governance (College Park, MD: Maryland Sea Grant, 1996), pp. 229-252.

"Research Subpoenas and the Sociology of Knowledge, " Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59, No. 3 (1996), pp. 95-118.

"NGOs and the Environment: From Knowledge to Action, " Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3 (1997), pp. 579-594; reprinted in T.G. Weiss, ed., Beyond UN Subcontracting: Task-Sharing with Regional Security Arrangements and Service-providing NGOs (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), pp. 203-223.

"Civilization and Madness: The Great BSE Scare of 1996, " Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 6 (1997), pp. 221-232.

"Science and Judgment in Environmental Standard-setting," Applied Measurement in Education, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1998), pp. 107-120.

"Science and Decisionmaking "(with B. Wynne and contributing authors), in S. Rayner and E.L. Malone, eds., Human Choice and Climate Change (Washington, DC: Battelle Press, 1998), pp. 1-87.

"The Political Science of Risk Perception," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 59, No. 1 (1998), pp. 91-99.

"Harmonization: The Politics of Reasoning Together," in R. Bal and W. Halffman, eds., The Politics of Chemical Risk: Scenarios for a Regulatory Future (Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer, 1997), pp. 173-194.

"Coming of Age in Science and Technology Studies," Science Communication, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1998), pp. 91-98.

"The Eye of Everyman: Witnessing DNA in the Simpson Trial, " Social Studies of Science, Vol. 28, No. 5-6, pp. 713-740 (1998).

"Expert Games in Silicone Gel Breast Implant Litigation," in M. Freeman and H. Reece, eds., Science in Court (London: Dartmouth, 1998), pp. 83-107.

"Contingent Knowledge: Implications for Implementation and Compliance, " in H. Jacobson and E. Brown Weiss, eds., Engaging Countries: Strengthening Compliance with International Environmental Accords (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998), pp. 63-87.

"The Songlines of Risk," Environmental Values, Vol. 8, No. 2, (1999), pp. 135-152.

"STS and Public Policy: Getting Beyond Deconstruction, " Science, Technology and Society, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1999), pp. 59-72.

"The 'Science Wars' and American Politics, "in M. Dierkes and C. v. Grote, eds., Between Understanding and Trust: The Public, Science, and Technology (Reading, UK: Harwood Academic, 2000), pp. 39-59.

"Technological Risk and Cultures of Rationality, " in National Research Council, Incorporating Science, Economics, and Sociology in Developing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards in International Trade, Proceedings of a Conference (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000), pp. 65-84.

"Judicial Fictions: The Supreme Courts Quest for Good Science," Society, Vol. 38, No. 4 (2001), pp. 27-36.

"Image and Imagination: The Formation of Global Environmental Consciousness," in P. Edwards and C. Miller, eds., Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), pp. 309-337.

"Ordering Life: Law and the Normalization of Biotechnology," Politeia, Vol. XVII, No. 62 (2001), pp. 34-50.

"Hidden Experts: Judging Science after Daubert," in V. Weil, ed., Trying Times: Science and Responsibilities after Daubert, Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology (2001), pp. 30-47.

"Science and the Statistical Victim: Modernizing Knowledge in Breast Implant Litigation," Social Studies of Science, Vol. 32, No. 1 (2002), pp. 37-69.

"The Life Sciences and the Rule of Law, " Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 319, No. 4 (2002), pp. 891-899.

"Citizens at Risk: Cultures of Modernity in Europe and the U.S., "Science as Culture , Vol. 11, No. 3 (2002), pp. 363-380.

"New Modernities: Reimagining Science, Technology, and Development," Environmental Values (Special Issue on Science, Development and Democracy), Vol. 11, No. 3 (2002), pp. 253-276.

"A Living Legacy: The Precautionary Ideal in American Law, " in Joel Tickner, ed., Precaution, Environmental Science, and Preventive Public Policy (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002), pp. 227-240.

"Technologies of Humility: Citizen Participation in Governing Science," Minerva , Vol. 41, No. 3 (2003). pp. 223-244

"In a Constitutional Moment: Science and Social Order at the Millennium,"in B. Joerges and H. Nowotny, eds., Social Studies of Science and Technology: Looking Back, Ahead, Yearbook of the Sociology of the Sciences (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003), pp. 155-180.

"(No?) Accounting for Expertise?” Science and Public Policy, Vol. 30, No. 3 (2003), pp. 157-162.

"Welfare State or Welfare Court: Asbestos Litigation in Comparative Perspective” (with D. Perese), Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. XII, No. 2 (2004), pp. 619-639.

"DNA’s Identity Crisis, " in D. Lazer, ed., DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 337-355.

"Law’s Knowledge: Science for Justice in Legal Settings," in American Journal of Public Health, Vol 95, No. S1 (2005), pp. S49-S58; adapted as “The Epistemic Discretion of Judges and Daubert’s Legacy,” in A. Santosuosso et al., eds., Science, Law and the Courts ion Europe (Pavia: Collegio Ghisleri, 2004), pp. 37-53.

"Let Them Eat Cake: GM Foods and the Democratic Imagination", in M. Leach, I. Scoones and B. Wynne, eds., Science and Citizens (London: Zed Books, 2005), pp. 183-199.

"Adjudicating the GM Food Wars: Science, Risk, and Democracy in World Trade Law” (co-authored with D. Winickoff, L. Busch, R. Grove-White, and B. Wynne), Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 30 (2005), pp. 81-123.

“Science and Environmental Citizenship,” in P. Dauvergne, ed., Handbook of Global Environmental Politics (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. Northampton, MA, USA, 2005), pp. 365-382.

“In the Democracies of DNA: Ontological Uncertainty and Political Order in Three States, “ New Genetics and Society, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2005), pp. 139-155.

"Restoring Reason: Causal Narratives and Political Culture,” in B. Hutter and M. Power, eds., Organizational Encounters with Risk (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 209-232.

"Judgment under Siege: The Three-Body Problem of Expert Legitimacy,” in P. Weingart and S. Maasen, eds., Democratization of Expertise? Exploring Novel Forms of Scientific Advice in Political Decision-Making, Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook (Springer, 2005). pp. 209-224.

"The Value of Legality in Environmental Action", in J. Bauer, ed., Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments (Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 2006). pp.329-346.

"Technology as a Site and Object of Politics", in C. Tilly and R. Goodin, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). pp.745-763.

"Just Evidence: The Limits of Science in the Legal Process," Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Volume 34:2 (2006), pp. 328-341

"Biotechnology and Empire: The Global Power of Seeds and Science", Osiris (forthcoming).

“Transparency in Public Science: Purposes, Reasons, Limits," Law and Contemporary Problems (forthcoming).

“Risk in Hindsight: Toward a Politics of Reflection," in I.K. Richter, S. Berking and R. Müller-Schmid, eds., Risk Society and the Culture of Precaution (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming).

Editorials and Commentaries

"Peer Review and Public Policy "(with D. Chubin), Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 10, No. 52 (1985), pp. 3-5.

"Becoming an Expert Witness" (with J. Gillett), The Scientist, February 23, 1987, pp. 14, 28.

"Norms for Evaluating Regulatory Science", guest editorial, Risk Analysis, Vol. 9, No. 3(1989), pp. 271-273.

"Cooperation for What?: A View from the Sociological/Cultural Study of Science Policy, "Response to Labinger, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 25, No. 2 (1995), pp. 314-317.

"Conversations with the Community: AAAS at the Millennium" (with co-authors), Science, Vol. 278, No. 5346 (1997), pp. 2066-2067.

"Back to Basics in Environmental Politics", Response to L.K. Caldwell, Politics and the Life Sciences Vol. 18, No. 2 (1999), pp. 227-229.

"Between Risk and Precaution: Reassessing the Future of Genetically Modified Crops", in Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 3, No. 3 (2000), pp. 277-282.

"Reconstructing the Past, Constructing the Present: Can Science Studies and the History of Science Live Happily Ever After? " Social Studies of Science, Vol. 30, No. 4 (2000), pp. 621-31.

Talking About Science, Commentary, Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 6, No. 4 (2001), pp. 525-528.

"Election 2000 Mechanical Error or System Failure"? Social Studies of Science Vol. 31, No. 3 (2001), pp. 461-467.

"Hard Facts and Soft Law: Iraq, Bush, and the Case for Multilateralism", (with David Winickoff), published by Opendemocracy.com, November 18, 200, http://www.opendemocracy.net/theme_9-wmd/article_762.jsp.

"Breaking the Waves in Science Studies", Commentary, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 33, No. 3 (2003), pp. 389-400.

"Science and Citizenship: A New Synergy,” Science and Public Policy, Vol. 31, No. 2 (2004), pp. 90-94.

“Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States, “Genetic Engineering News, Vol. 25, No. 15 (2005), pp. 6-8.

Essay Reviews

Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life; in Metascience, Issue 9 (1996), pp. 82-87.

"Public Knowledge, Private Fears", review of Alan Irwin and Brian Wynne, eds., Misunderstanding Science? The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); in Social Studies of Science, Vol. 27, No. 2 (1997), pp. 350-355.

Noretta Koertge, ed., A House Built on Sand: Exposing Postmodern Myths about Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); review essay in Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 24, No. 4 (1999), pp. 495-500.

"Not Proven: Truth by Exhaustion in the Baltimore Case", review of Daniel J. Kevles, The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998); in Isis, Vol. 90, No. 4, (1999), pp. 781-783.

"What Inquiring Minds Should Want to Know", review of Philip Kitcher, Science, Truth, and Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001); in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science , Vol. 35.1 2004: pp. 149-157.